5个Shell脚本编程入门练习例子
这篇文章主要介绍了5个Shell脚本编程入门例子,涵盖了各种操作,又有一些游戏的性质,作为入门练习例子是不很不错的,需要的朋友可以参考下。
例子一:绘制特殊图形,代码如下:
- #!/bin/bash
- MAX_NO=0
- echo -n "Enter Number between (5 to 9) : "
- read MAX_NO
- if ! [ $MAX_NO -ge 5 -a $MAX_NO -le 9 ] ; then
- echo "WTF... I ask to enter number between 5 and 9, Try Again"
- exit 1
- fi
- clear
- for (( i=1; i=i; s-- ))
- do
- echo -n " "
- done
- for (( j=1; j=1; i-- ))
- do
- for (( s=i; s<=MAX_NO; s++ ))
- do
- echo -n " "
- done
- for (( j=1; j<=i; j++ ))
- do
- echo -n " ."
- done
- echo ""
- done
- echo -e "\n\n\t\t\t Whenever you need help, Tecmint.com is always there"
你应该不会被上述例子中的“关键字”困扰了,很多都是你熟悉的,或者从它们的名字可以猜出它们的意思,如“max”设定某个变量的最大值,“for”是一个循环。
输出结果,代码如下:
- [root@tecmint ~]# chmod 755 Special_Pattern.sh
- [root@tecmint ~]# ./Special_Pattern.sh
- Enter Number between (5 to 9) : 6
- .
- . .
- . . .
- . . . .
- . . . . .
- . . . . . .
- . . . . . .
- . . . . .
- . . . .
- . . .
- . .
- .
- Whenever you need help, Tecmint.com is always there
如果你有其它语言的编程基础,那么学习上面的脚本对你来说应该很容易。即使你是计算机方面的新手,这个学习过程也不会太难。
例子二:五颜六色的脚本
Linux终端也是支持五颜六色的,请看下面的脚本:
- #!/bin/bash
- clear
- echo -e "\033[1m Hello World"
- # bold effect
- echo -e "\033[5m Blink"
- # blink effect
- echo -e "\033[0m Hello World"
- # back to noraml
- echo -e "\033[31m Hello World"
- # Red color
- echo -e "\033[32m Hello World"
- # Green color
- echo -e "\033[33m Hello World"
- # See remaing on screen
- echo -e "\033[34m Hello World"
- echo -e "\033[35m Hello World"
- echo -e "\033[36m Hello World"
- echo -e -n "\033[0m"
- # back to noraml
- echo -e "\033[41m Hello World"
- echo -e "\033[42m Hello World"
- echo -e "\033[43m Hello World"
- echo -e "\033[44m Hello World"
- echo -e "\033[45m Hello World"
- echo -e "\033[46m Hello World"
- echo -e "\033[0m Hello World"
输出结果:
你可以对上面的列子举一反三,把它用到你自己的脚本中去。
例子三:加密文件/目录
下面的例子演示了如何加密一个份文件或者文件夹。目前的这个版本的脚本有一些局限,例如你必须把它和你要加密的文件/目录放到同一个文件夹下面。另外,你可能需要安装“pinentry-gui”。在Fedora下安装“pinentry-gui”的命令是:
[root@midstage ~]# yum install pinentry-gui
在Ubuntu/Debian下安装“pinentry-gui”的命令是:
[root@midstage ~]# apt-get install pinentry-gui
创建一个脚本“Encrypt.sh”,将下面的代码复制进去。你也可以从这里下载这个脚本。代码如下:
- #!/bin/bash
- echo "Welcome, I am ready to encrypt a file/folder for you"
- echo "currently I have a limitation, Place me to the same folder,
- where a file to be encrypted is present"
- echo "Enter the Exact File Name with extension"
- read file;
- gpg -c $file
- echo "I have encrypted the file sucessfully..."
- echo "Now I will be removing the original file"
- rm -rf $file
输出结果,代码如下:
- [root@tecmint ~]# chmod 755 Encrypt.sh
- [root@tecmint ~]# ./Encrypt.sh
- Welcome, I am ready to encrypt a file/folder for you
- currently I have a limitation, Place me to the same folder,
- where a file to be encrypted is present
- Enter the Exact File Name with extension
- package.xml
- Enter passphrase
- Passphrase _________________________________
- Please re-enter this passphrase
- Passphrase _________________________________
- I have encrypted the file successfully...
- Now I will be removing the original file
代码说明:
gpg -c: 这个命令使用aka来加密文件。 在你需要的时候,你需要对加密的文件进行解密。这里我们不给出具体的代码了,你可以自己尝试着写出来。提示:使用命令 gpg -d filename.gpg > filename 可以解密一份文件。
例子四:查看服务器利用率
查看服务器的利用率是管理员的一份重要的日常工作。聪明的管理员是知道如何是这份任务自动化的。下面的这份脚本会抓取服务器的很多信息,快快试试吧!代码如下:
- #!/bin/bash
- date;
- echo "uptime:"
- uptime
- echo "Currently connected:"
- w
- echo "--------------------"
- echo "Last logins:"
- last -a |head -3
- echo "--------------------"
- echo "Disk and memory usage:"
- df -h | xargs | awk '{print "Free/total disk: " $11 " / " $9}'
- free -m | xargs | awk '{print "Free/total memory: " $17 " / " $8 " MB"}'
- echo "--------------------"
- start_log=`head -1 /var/log/messages |cut -c 1-12`
- oom=`grep -ci kill /var/log/messages`
- echo -n "OOM errors since $start_log :" $oom
- echo ""
- echo "--------------------"
- echo "Utilization and most expensive processes:"
- top -b |head -3
- echo
- top -b |head -10 |tail -4
- echo "--------------------"
- echo "Open TCP ports:"
- nmap -p- -T4 127.0.0.1
- echo "--------------------"
- echo "Current connections:"
- ss -s
- echo "--------------------"
- echo "processes:"
- ps auxf --width=200
- echo "--------------------"
- echo "vmstat:"
- vmstat 1 5
输出结果,代码如下:
- [root@tecmint ~]# chmod 755 Server-Health.sh
- [root@tecmint ~]# ./Server-Health.sh
- Tue Jul 16 22:01:06 IST 2013
- uptime:
- 22:01:06 up 174 days, 4:42, 1 user, load average: 0.36, 0.25, 0.18
- Currently connected:
- 22:01:06 up 174 days, 4:42, 1 user, load average: 0.36, 0.25, 0.18
- USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
- tecmint pts/0 116.72.134.162 21:48 0.00s 0.03s 0.03s sshd: tecmint [priv]
- --------------------
- Last logins:
- tecmint pts/0 Tue Jul 16 21:48 still logged in 116.72.134.162
- tecmint pts/0 Tue Jul 16 21:24 - 21:43 (00:19) 116.72.134.162
- --------------------
- Disk and memory usage:
- Free/total disk: 292G / 457G
- Free/total memory: 3510 / 3838 MB
- --------------------
- OOM errors since Jul 14 03:37 : 0
- --------------------
- Utilization and most expensive processes:
- top - 22:01:07 up 174 days, 4:42, 1 user, load average: 0.36, 0.25, 0.18
- Tasks: 149 total, 1 running, 148 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
- Cpu(s): 0.1%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.3%id, 0.6%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
- PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
- 1 root 20 0 3788 1128 932 S 0.0 0.0 0:32.94 init
- 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd
- 3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:14.07 migration/0
例子五:查看硬盘使用情况及发送提示邮件
下面的这个例子展示了当硬盘的使用空间超出了预期设定的值时,如果通过脚本来发送提示邮件。代码如下:
- MAX=95
- EMAIL=server@127.0.0.1
- PART=sda1
- USE=`df -h |grep $PART | awk '{ print $5 }' | cut -d'%' -f1`
- if [ $USE -gt $MAX ]; then
- echo "Percent used: $USE" | mail -s "Running out of disk space" $EMAIL
- fi
说明:将上述脚本中的“USER”替换成你的用户名。你可以通过命令“mail”来查看你的邮件。